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World Safety & Health Training

Outbreaks of coronavirus-related diseases

Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that are typically mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), though rarer forms can be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. Symptoms in other species vary: in chickens, they cause an upper respiratory tract disease, while in cows and pigs they cause diarrhea. There are yet to be vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections.

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Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 27 to 34 kilobases, the largest among known RNA viruses. The name coronavirus is derived from the Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "halo", which refers to the characteristic appearance reminiscent of a crown or a solar corona around the virions (virus particles) when viewed under two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy, due to the surface covering in club-shaped protein spikes.

You can reduce your risk of infection if you:

• Clean hands frequently with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water

• Cover nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing with tissue or flexed elbow

• Avoid close contact (2 meter or 6 feet) with anyone or with cold or flu-like symptoms

• Avoid Public Gathering & Contact Salutations 

• Wear Proper PPE per 29 CR 1910.132/ 134 BBP/ Cal-OSHA Title 8 S. 5199ATD's / 5144 (f)

• Check Body Temperatures

• FDA Approved Vaccines: Pfizer, Moderna is expected to receive similar authorization soon. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the antiviral drug Veklury (remdesivir) for use in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older and weighing at least 40 kilograms (about 88 pounds) for the treatment of COVID-19 requiring hospitalization

• Stay Home when required

• Limit Class Room Settings to a minimum

 

                                                         New Delta Variant Symptoms

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Typically, vaccinated people are either asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms if they contract the Delta variant. Their symptoms are more like those of a common cold, such as cough, fever or headache, with the addition of significant loss of smell.

                                                How to tell if I have the Delta variant?

To detect the delta variant, a specific type of COVID-19 test is required — genomic sequencing. Genomic sequencing decodes the coronavirus' complete set of genes and searches for new mutations. It also matches known variants. Labs at some state and local health departments have access to genomic sequencing

 

OMICRON VARIANT (SARS-CoV-2)

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The Omicron variant is a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The variant was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) from South Africa on 24 November 2021. On 26 November 2021, the WHO designated it as a variant of concern and named it after omicron, the fifteenth letter in the Greek alphabet.

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The variant has an unusually large number of mutations, several of which were previously undetected by humankind and are novel, and several of mutations affect the spike protein targeted by most vaccines at the time of discovering Omicron. This level of variation has led to concerns regarding transmissibility, immune system evasion, and vaccine resistance. As a result, the variant was quickly designated as being "of concern", and travel restrictions were introduced by several countries on African countries to slow its international spread.

PREVENTION

See also: COVID-19 § Prevention

As with other variants, the WHO recommended that people continue to keep enclosed spaces well ventilated, avoid crowding and close contact, wear well-fitting masks, clean hands frequently, and get vaccinated

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